References for chiropractic Articles

References for TOPIC ARTICLE: Chiropractic Care of Headache Pain

1. Sjosten N, Nabi H, Westerlund H et al: Influence of retirement and work stress on headache prevalence: a longitudinal modelling study from the GAZEL Cohort Study. Cephalgia 2011; Jan 10 [epub ahead of print]
2. Bronfort G, Assendelft W, Evans R, Haas M, Bouter L: Efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: a systematic review. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2001; 24(7):457-466
3. Haas M, Groupp E, Aickin M, et al: Dose response for chiropractic care of chronic cervicogenic headache and associated neck pain: a randomized pilot study. J of Manipul and Physiol Therap 2004; 27(9):547-553
4. Gudavalli MR, Cox JM, Baker JA, Cramer GD, Patwardhan AG: Intervertebral Disc Pressure Changes During The Flexion-Distraction Procedure for Low Back Pain, Proceedings of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Singapore 1997

References for TOPIC ARTICLE: Chiropractic Relief of Low Back Pain

1. Sakai, T; Sairyo, K; Suzue, N; Kosaka, H; Yasui, N: Incidence And Etiology Of Lumbar Spondylolysis: Review Of The Literature. Journal of Orthopaedic Science 2010;15(3):281-288
2. McHardy A, Pollard H, Luo K: Golf-related lower back injuries: an epidemiological survey. J Chiropr Med 2007; 6(1):20-26
3. Frymoyer JD. Back pain and sciatica. N Engl J Med 1988;318:291-300.
4. Chou R et al: Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society. Spine 2009; 34 (10)
5. Bigos SJ et al: Acute Low Back Problems in Adults. Clinical Practice Guideline No 14, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Publication No. 95-0642, Public Health Service, U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services, December, 1994
6. Shekelle PG,Adams AH, Chassin MR, Hurwitz EL, Brook RH. Spinal manipulation for back pain Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 590-598
7. National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, 2010 Report, Practice Analysis of Chiropractic 2010, page 134.
8. Gudavalli MR, Cox JM, Baker JA, Cramer GD, Patwardhan AG: Intervertebral Disc Pressure Changes During The Flexion-Distraction Procedure for Low Back Pain, Proceedings of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine, Singapore 1997
9. Gudavalli, MR, Cambron, JA, et al. A randomized clinical trial and subgroup analysis to compare flexion-distraction with active exercise for chronic low back pain. European Spine Journal 2006; 15(6):1072-82
10. Cambron JA, Gudavalli M, McGregor M, et al: Amount of health care and self care following a randomized clinical trial comparing flexion-distraction with exercise program for chronic low back pain. Chiropractic and Osteopathy 2006;14:19
11. Cambron JA, Gudavalli MR, Hedeker D: et al: One year follow up of a randomized clinical trial comparing flexion distraction with an exercise program for chronic low back pain. J Altern Complementary Med 2006:Sept.:12(7):659-68

References for TOPIC ARTICLE: Chiropractic for Low Back Pain During Pregnancy

1. Ostgaard HC, Andersson GB, Karlsson K: Prevalence of back pain in pregnancy. Spine 1991;16:549 - 552.
2. Kristiansson P, Svardsudd K, VonSchoultz B: Back pain during pregnancy: a prospective study. Spine 1996;21:702 - 709.
3. Fast A, Shapiro D, Ducommun EJ, Friedmann LW, Bouklas T, Floman Y: Low back pain in pregnancy. Spine 1987;12:368 - 371.
4. Albert H, Godskesen M, Westergaard J: Prognosis in four syndromes of pregnancy-related pelvic pain. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001;80:505 - 510.
5. Ostgaard HC, Andersson GB: Previous back pain and risk of developing back pain in future pregnancy. Spine 1991;16:432 - 436.
6. Wang SM, Dezinno P, Maranets I, Berman MR, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Kain: Low back pain during pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 2004; 104(1):65-70
7. Skaggs CD, Prather H, Gross G, George JW, Thompson PA, Nelson DM: Back and pelvic pain in an underserved United States pregnant population: a preliminary descriptive survey. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2007;30(2):130 - 134.
8. Wang SM, DeZinno P, Fermo L: Complementary and alternative medicine for low-back pain in pregnancy: a cross sectional survey. J Altern Complement Med. 2005;11(3):459 - 464
9. Stuber K: The safety of chiropractic during pregnancy: a pilot email survey of chiropractors' opinions. Clin Chiropr 2007;10(1):24 - 35.
10. Lisi AJ: Chiropractic spinal manipulation for low back pain of pregnancy: a retrospective case series. J of Midwifery Women's Health 2006; 51(1):e7-10
11. Kruse R, Gudavalli S, Cambron J: Chiropractic Treatment of a Pregnant Patient with Lumbar Radiculopathy. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 2007; 6(4):153-158
12. Quaresma C, Silva C, Secca MF, ONeill J, Branco: Back pain during pregnancy: a longitudinal study. Acta Rheumatol Port 2010; 35(3):346-51

References for SPINE ARTICLE: "A Pain in the Neck!"- Non-Surgical Care Is Better

1. DeLuigi AJ, Fitzpatrick KF: Physical Examination in Radiculopathy. Phys Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 2011;22(1):7-40 
2. Hancock, Koes B, Ostelo R, Peul W: Diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination in identifying the level of herniation in patients with sciatica. Spine. POST ACCEPTANCE, 8 January 2011; Spine, Jan 8 [epub ahead of print]
3. Olivero et al: Results of halter cervical traction for the treatment of cervical radiculopathy: retrospective study of 81 patients. Neurosurg Focus 2002;12(2)
4. Cleland JA; Whitman JM; Fritz JM; Palmer JA. Manual physical therapy, cervical traction, and strengthening exercises in patients with cervical radiculopathy: A case series. Journal Of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2005;35 (12):802-811
5. Heckmann JG: Herniated cervical intervertebral discs with radiculopathy: an outcome study of conservatively or surgically treated patients. J Spinal Disorders 1999; 12(5)
6. Rowland LP: Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial. Neurology 42
7. Nikolaidis I, Fouyas IP, Sandercock PAG, Statham PF: Surgery for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1). 2010. p.NIL_1734-NIL_1785
8. Henderson FC, et al: Stretch associated injury in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: new concept and review. Neurosurgery 2005;56(5)
9. King JT: Multimodal assessment after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy. J of Neurosurgery – Spine 2005;2(5):526-34
10. Muhle C et al: In vivo changes in the neuroforaminal size at flexion extension and axial rotation of the cervical spine in healthy persons examined using kinematic magnetic resonance imaging. Spine 2001;26:E287-93
11. Gudavalli MR, Cox JM, Baker JA, Cramer GD, Patwardhan AG: Intervertebral disc pressure changes during the flexion-distraction procedures for low back pain. Presented at and in the proceedings of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Meeting, June 1997, Singapore.
12. Gudavalli S, Kruse RA. Foraminal stenosis with radiculopathy from a cervical disc herniation in a 33 year old man treated with flexion distraction decompression manipulation. J Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics 2008;31(5):376-80
13. Kruse RA, Gregerson D: Cervical Spinal stenosis resulting in radiculopathy treated with flexion-distraction manipulation: A case study. J of  the Neuromusculoskeletal System 2002;10(4):141-7
14. Kruse RA, Schliesser J, DeBono VF: Klippel-Feil syndrome with radiculopathy. Chiropractic management utilizing flexion-distraction technique: a case report. J of Neuromusculoskeletal System 8(4):124
15. Schliesser JS, Kruse RA, Fleming Fallon L: Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation: a retrospective study in a private practice setting: J Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics 2003; 26(9)
16. Kruse RA, Imbarlina F, DeBono VF: Treatment of cervical radiculopathy with flexion distraction. J Manipulative Physiological Therapeutics 2001;24(3):206-209

References for FEATURE EXERCISE: Abdominal Exercises to Prevent Back Pain

1. Rodacki C, Felix Rodacki AL, Ugrinowitsch C, Zielinski D, da Costa RB: Spinal unloading after abdominal exercises. Clinical Biomechanics 2008;23 (1):8-14
2. Franca F, Burke T, Hanada E, Marques AP: Segmental stabilization and muscular strengthening in chronic low back pain: a comparative study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2010; 65(10):1013-7

References for FEATURE NUTRITION: A Multivitamin for Me? Really? YES!

1. Bailey RL, Gahche JJ, Lentino CV, Dwyer JT, Engel JS, Thomas PR, Betz JM, Sempos CT, Picciano MF: Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003-2006. J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):261-6. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
2. Radimer K, Bindewald B, Hughes J, Ervin B, Swanson C, Picciano MF: Dietary supplement use by US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Am J Epidemiol. 2004 Aug 15;160(4):339-49.
3. Mullie P, Clarys P, Hulens M, Vansant G: Socioeconomic, health, and dietary determinants of multivitamin supplements use in Belgium. Int J Public Health. 2010 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Block G, Jensen CD, Norkus EP, Dalvi TB, Wong LG, McManus JF, Hudes M: Usage patterns, health, and nutritional status of long-term multiple dietary supplement users: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J. 2007 Oct 24;6:30.
5. Hasan S, Bilal N, Naqvi S, Ashraf GM, Suhail N, Sharma S, Banu N: Multivitamin-Mineral and Vitamins (E + C) Supplementation Modulate Chronic Unpredictable Stress-Induced Oxidative Damage in Brain and Heart of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2010 Jul 16. [Epub ahead of print]
6. Haskell CF, Robertson B, Jones E, Forster J, Jones R, Wilde A, Maggini S, Kennedy DO: Effects of a multi-vitamin/mineral supplement on cognitive function and fatigue during extended multi-tasking. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010 Aug;25(6):448-61.
7. Barringer TA: Effect of a multivitamin and mineral supplement on infection and quality of life. Annals of Internal Medicine 2003;138(5)
8. Delmi M, Rapin et al:Dietary supplementation in elderly patients with fractured neck of the femur. LANCET 1990;335, April 28, 1990
9. Bendich A: Potential health economic benefits of vitamin supplementation. West J Med 1997;166:306-312
10. Brough L, Rees GA, Crawford MA, Morton RH, Dorman EK: Effect of multiple-micronutrient supplementation on maternal nutrient status, infant birth weight and gestational age at birth in a low-income, multi-ethnic population. Br J Nutr. 2010 Aug;104(3):437-45. Epub 2010 Apr 23.

References for FEATURE EXERCISE: "Fatty" Neck Muscles? Yes! Tone them up.

1. Gogia P, Sabbahi M: EMG analysis of neck muscle fatigue in patients with osteoarthritis of the cervical spine. Spine 1994; 19(5):502-6
2. Hallgren R, Greenman P, Rechtien J: Atrophy of suboccipital muscles in patients with chronic pain: a pilot study. J Am Osteopath Assoc 1994; 94(12):1032-8
3. Parkkola R, Rytokoski U, Kormano M: Magnetic resonance imaging of the discs and trunk muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and healthy control subjects. Spine 1993; 18(7):830-6
4. Alaranta H, Tallroth K, Soukka A, Heliovaara M: Fat content of lumbar extensor muscles and low back disability: a radiographic and clinical comparison. J Spinal Disorders 1993; 6(2):137-40
5. Flicker P, Fleckenstein J, Ferry K, Payne J, Ward C, Mayer T, Parkey R, Peshock R: Lumbar muscle usage in chronic low back pain. Magnetic resonance image evaluation. Spine 1993; 18(5):582-6
6. Cecchi F, Molino-Lova R, Paperini A, Boni R, et al: Predictors of short- and long-term outcome in patients with chronic non-specific neck pain undergoing an exercise-based rehabilitation program: a prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up. Intern Emerg Med 2010 Dec 14. [Epub ahead of print]
7. Sihawong R, Janwantanakul P, Sitthipornvorakul E, Pensri P: Exercise Therapy for Office Workers With Nonspecific Neck Pain: A Systematic Review. 2011; 34(1): 62-71
8. Hurwitz E, Carraggee E, van der Velde G et al: Treatment of Neck Pain: Noninvasive Interventions: Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. 2009; 32(2 Suppl):S141-S175
9. Ylinen J, Takala E, Nykanen M, Hakkinen A, Malkia E, Pohiolainen T, Karppi S, Kautiainen H, Airaksinen O: Active neck muscle training in the treatment of chronic neck pain in women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289(19):2509-16.
10. Mellin G, Harkapaa K, Vanharanta H, Hupli M, Heinonen R, Jarvikoski A: Outcome of a multimodal treatment including intensive physical training of patients with chronic low back pain. Spine 1993; 18(7):825-9

References for FEATURE ARTICLE: Want to Work? Have Low Back Pain? Try Non-Surgical Care.

1. Cifuentes M, Willetts J, Wasiak R: Health Maintenance Care in Work-Related Low Back Pain and Its Association With Disability Recurrence. J Occup Environ Med. 2011 Mar 14. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Nguyen T, Randolph D, Talmage  J, Succop P, Travis R: Long-term Outcomes of Lumbar Fusion Among Workers’ Compensation Subjects: A Historical Cohort Study. Spine 2011;36(4):320–331
3. Senna MK, Machaly S: Does Maintained Spinal Manipulation Therapy For Chronic Non-Specific Low Back Pain Result In Better Long Term Outcome? Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Jan 17. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Bishop PB, Quon JA, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF: The Chiropractic Hospital-based Interventions Research Outcomes (CHIRO) study: a randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of clinical practice guidelines in the medical and chiropractic management of patients with acute mechanical low back pain. Spine J. 2010 Dec;10(12):1055-64.
5. Degenais S, Gay R, Tricco A, Freeman M, Mayer J:NASS Contemporary Concepts in Spine Care: Spinal Manipulation Therapy For Acute Low Back Pain. Spine Journal 2010;10(10):918-940
6. Gudavalli MR, Cox JM, Baker JA, Cramer GD, Patwardhan AG: Intervertebral disc pressure changes during the flexion-distraction procedures for low back pain. Presented at and in the proceedings of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Meeting, June 1997, Singapore.
7. Gudavalli R IN Cox JM: Low Back Pain: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Treatment, 6th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1999

References for SPINE ARTICLE: Non-Surgical Chiropractic Care of the Older Low Back Pain Spine

1. Ploumis A, Liu H, Mehbod A, Transfeld E, Winter R: A Correlations of Radiographic and Functional Measurements in Adult Degenerative Scoliosis. Spine 2009; 34(15):1581-1584
2. Ploumis A, Transfledt EE, Denis F: Degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis. Spine Journal 2007; 7(4):428-436
3. Killinger LZ: Chiropractic and geriatrics: a review of the training, role, and scope of chiropractic in caring for aging patients. Clin Geriatr Med 2004;20(2):223-35.
4. Gudavalli MR, Cox JM, Baker JA, Cramer GD, Patwardhan AG: Intervertebral disc pressure changes during the flexion-distraction procedures for low back pain. Presented at and in the proceedings of the International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine Meeting, June 1997, Singapore.
5. Gudavalli R IN Cox JM: Low Back Pain: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Treatment, 6th edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 1999
6. Han G; Cho M; Nam G; Moo, T; Kim J; Kim S; Hong S; Cho B: The Effects On Muscle Strength And Visual Analog Scale Pain Of Aquatic Therapy For Individuals With Low Back Pain. Journal Of Physical Therapy Science 2011;23(1):57-60
7. Lim ECW, Poh RLC, Low AY, Wong WP:  Effects of Pilates-Based Exercises on Pain and Disability in Individuals With Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Systematic  Review With Meta-analysis. Journal Of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2011;41(2):70-79

References for FEATURE NUTRITION: Are you fat enough?

1. Nowak JZ: Anti-inflammatory pro-resolving derivatives of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2010 Mar 17;64:115-32. [Article in Polish]
2. Hall MN, Campos H, Li H, Sesso HD, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Ma J: Blood levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, aspirin, and the risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007;16(2):314-21.
3. Daniel CR, McCullough ML, Patel RC, Jacobs EJ, Flanders WD, Thun MJ, Calle EE: Dietary intake of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids and risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of U.S. men and women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009 Feb;18(2):516-25
4. Aronson WJ, Glaspy JA, Reddy ST, Reese D, Heber D, Bagga D: Modulation of omega-3/omega-6 polyunsaturated ratios with dietary fish oils in men with prostate cancer. Urology. 2001;58(2):283-288
5. Misra A, Sharma R, Gulati S, et al with The National Dietary Guidelines Consensus Group: Consensus Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Living and Prevention of Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes, and Related Disorders in Asian Indians. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2011 Apr 13. [Epub ahead of print]
6. Calder PC, Dangour AD, Diekman C, Eilander A, et al. Essential fats for future health. Proceedings of the 9th Unilever Nutrition Symposium, 26-27 May 2010. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Dec;64 Suppl 4:S1-13.
7. Kruger MC, Horrobin DF (September 1997). Calcium metabolism, osteoporosis and essential fatty acids: a review. Progress in Lipid Research 1997;36 (2-3): 131–51.
8. Cortina MS, Bazan HE. Docosahexaenoic acid, protectins and dry eye. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2011 Mar;14(2):132-7.
9. McCusker MM, Grant-Kels JM. Healing fats of the skin: the structural and immunologic roles of the omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Clin Dermatol. 2010 Jul-Aug;28(4):440-51.
10. Logan A: "Omega-3 fatty acids and major depression: a primer for the mental health professional". Lipids in Health and Disease 2004; 3 (1): 25.
11. Rees A, Austin M, Parker G: Role of omega 3 fatty acids as a treatment for depression in the perinatal period. Australian and New Zealand J of Psychiatry 2005;39(4):274-280
12. Huss M, Völp A, Stauss-Grabo M: Supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, magnesium and zinc in children seeking medical advice for attention-deficit/hyperactivity problems - an observational cohort study. Lipids Health Dis. 2010 Sep 24;9:105
13. Simopoulos AP: Evolutionary Aspects of Diet: The Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio and the Brain. Mol Neurobiol. 2011 Jan 29. [Epub ahead of print]
14. Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007 Feb 28; [Epub ahead of print]
15. Farina E, Kiel D, Roubenoff R, Schaefer E, Cupples L, Tucker K: Protective effects of fish intake and interactive effects of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid intakes on hip bone mineral density in older adults: the Framingham Osteoporosis Study. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2011;93(5):1142-1151

1. Nyiendo J, Haas M, Goodwin P: Patient characteristics, practice activities, and one-month outcomes for chronic, recurrent low-back pain treated by chiropractors and family medicine physicians: a practice-based feasibility study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2000;23(4):239-45.
2. Nyiendo J, Haas M, Goldberg B, Sexton G: Pain, disability, and satisfaction outcomes and predictors of outcomes: a practice-based study of chronic low back pain patients attending primary care and chiropractic physicians. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2001;24(7):433-9.  
3. Haas M, Goldberg B, Aickin M, Ganger B, Attwood M: A practice-based study of patients with acute and chronic low back pain attending primary care and chiropractic physicians: two-week to 48-month follow-up. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004;27(3):160-9.
4. Cifuentes, M; Willetts, J; Wasiak, R. Health Maintenance Care in Work-Related Low Back Pain and Its Association With Disability Recurrence. Journal Of Occupational And Environmental Medicine 2011;53 (4):396-404
5. Takahashi K: Nerve root pressure in lumbar disc herniation. Spine 1999; 24(19):2003  

References for EXERCISE ARTICLE: "Stand Up Straight" Posture is Important.

1. Bonetti F, Curti S, Mattioli S, Mugnai R, Vanti C, Violante FS, Pillastrini P:  Effectiveness of a 'Global Postural Reeducation' program for persistent Low Back Pain: a non-randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders 2010; 11:NIL_1-NIL_12
2. Claeys K, Brumagne S, Dankaerts W, Kiers H, Janssens L: Decreased variability in postural control strategies in young people with non-specific low back pain is associated with altered proprioceptive reweighting. European Journal of Applied Physiology 2011; 111 (1): 115-123 (JAN 2011)
3. Capson AC, Nashed J, Mclean L: The role of lumbopelvic posture in pelvic floor muscle activation in continent women. Journal of Electromyography And Kinesiology 21(1): 166-177 (FEB 2011)

References for NUTRITION: Arthritis and Back Pain Relief

1. Guehring T,  Omlor G,  Lorenz H,  Engelleiter K,  Richter W, Carstens C, Kroeber M: Disc Distraction Shows Evidence of Regenerative Potential in Degenerated Intervertebral Discs as Evaluated by Protein Expression, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression Analysis. Spine 2006; 31(15):1658-1665
2. Hochberg MC, Clegg DO: Potential effects of chondroitin sulfate on joint swelling: a GAIT report. Arthritis Rheum 2009 Feb;60(2):524-33
3. Welburn M: Shotgun approach may quell arthritis, rheumatism, and back pain. Arthritis Research. 1994 Sept. 15-22

References to SPINE: DISC DEGENERATION IN NECK AND LOW BACK CO-EXIST

1. Pearce: J of Orthop Res 5(2)
2. Okada E, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara H, Toyama Y: Disc Degeneration Of Cervical Spine On MRI In Patients With Lumbar Disc Herniation: Comparison Study With Asymptomatic Volunteers. European Spine Journal 2011;20(4):585-591

1. Li WS, Wang SB, Xia Q, Passias P, Kozanek M, Wood K, Li GA: Lumbar Facet Joint Motion in Patients with Degenerative Disc Disease at Affected and Adjacent Levels An In Vivo Biomechanical Study. Spine 2011; 36 (10):E629-E637

Reference for EXERCISE: Exercise Like a Cheerleader!

Greenstein J, Bishop BN, Edward JS, Topp RV: The Effects Of A Closed-Chain, Eccentric Training Program On Hamstring Injuries Of A Professional Football Cheerleading Team. Journal Of Manipulative And Physiological Therapeutics 2011;34(3):195-200 

References for FEATURE: Williamson Chiropractic for Migraine Relief

1. Chaibi A; Tuchin PJ; Russell MB:  Manual Therapies For Migraine: A Systematic Review. Journal Of Headache And Pain 2011;12(2):127-133
2. Bronfort G,  Assendelft W, Evans R.  Haas M, Bouter L:  Efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: A systematic review. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2001;24(7):457-466
3. Bryans R, Descarreaux M, Duranleau M, Marcoux H, Potter B, Ruegg R, Shaw L, Watkin R, White E:Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Chiropractic Treatment of Adults With Headache. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics  2011;34(5):274-289

References for SPINE: Williamson Relief for Chronic Pain May Lead to Brain Regeneration

1. Healey EL, Burden AM, McEwan IM, Fowler NE:  Diurnal Variation In Stature: Do Those With Chronic Low-Back Pain Differ From Asymptomatic Controls? Clinical Biomechanics 2011;26(4):331-336
2. Sengul YS, Algun C, Arda MN, Ozer E, Angin S:  Health Locus of Control Beliefs and Postural Control in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients. Journal Of Neurological Sciences-Turkish 2011;28(2):222-235
3. Yahia A, Jribi S, Ghroubi S, Elleuch M, Baklouti S, Elleuch MH: Evaluation of the posture and muscular strength of the Trunk and inferior members of patients with chronic lumbar pain. Joint Bone Spine 78 (3). MAY 2011. p.291-297
4. Seminowicz DA,  Wideman TH,  Naso L,  Hatami-Khoroushahi Z,  Fallatah S,  Ware MA,  Jarzem P,  Bushnell MC,  Shir Y,  Ouellet JA,  Stone LS: Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Humans Reverses Abnormal Brain Anatomy and Function. Journal Of Neuroscience 2011;31(20):7540-7550
5. Cox, JM. Low Back Pain: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Treatment. 6th edition. Philadephia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999, pgs. 284-291
6. Schliesser JS, Kruse RA, Fleming Fallon L: Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation: a retrospective study in a private practice setting. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2003; 26(9):592-596

References for NUTRITION: Stop the Yo-Yo! The Benefits of Weight Loss

1. Cereda E, Malavazos AE, Caccialanza R, Rondanelli M, Fatati G, Barichella M: Weight cycling is associated with body weight excess and abdominal fat accumulation: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul 15. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Siervo M, Arnold R, Wells JC, Tagliabue A, Colantuoni A, Albanese E, Brayne C, Stephan BC: Intentional weight loss in overweight and obese individuals and cognitive function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2011 Jul 18. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00903.x. [Epub ahead of print]
3. Kotowski SE, Davis KG: Influence of weight loss on musculoskeletal pain: Potential short-term relevance. Work. 2010;36(3):295-304.
4. Roffey DM, Ashdown LC, Dornan HD, Creech MJ, Dagenais S, Dent RM, Wai EK: Pilot evaluation of a multidisciplinary, medically supervised, nonsurgical weight loss program on the severity of low back pain in obese adults. Spine J. 2011 Mar;11(3):197-204.
5. Urquhart DM, Berry P, Wluka AE, Strauss BJ, Wang YY, Proietto J, Jones G, Dixon JB, Cicuttini FM:  2011 Young Investigator Award Winner: Increased Fat Mass Is Associated With High Levels of Low Back Pain Intensity and Disability. Spine 2011;36(16):1320-1325

Reference for EXERCISE: Don’t Be Afraid To Move If You Have Back Pain!

1. Dawson AP,  Schluter PJ,  Hodges PW,  Stewart S,  Turner C: Fear Of Movement, Passive Coping, Manual Handling, And Severe Or Radiating Pain Increase The Likelihood Of Sick Leave Due To Low Back Pain.  Pain 2011;152(7):1517-1524

References for CHIROPRACTIC TOPIC: Williamson Back Pain

1. Breuer, B; Cruciani, R; Portenoy, RK:  Pain Management by Primary Care Physicians, Pain Physicians, Chiropractors, and Acupuncturists: A National Survey. Southern Medical Journal 2010;103(8):738-747
2. Cox, JM, Feller JA, Cox JA: Distraction Chiropractic Adjusting: Clinical Application, Treatment Algorithms, and Clinical Outcomes of 1000 Cases Studied. Topics in Clinical Chiropractic 1996; (3)3:45-59, 79-81

References for CHIROPRACTIC TOPIC: Williamson CHIROPRACTIC

1. Deyo RA, Tsui-Wu YJ. Descriptive epidemiology of low-back pain and its related medical care in the United States. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987 Apr;12(3):264-8.
2. Davis, MA; Sirovich, BE; Weeks, WB. Utilization and Expenditures on Chiropractic Care in the United States from 1997 to 2006. Health Services Research 2010;45 (3):748-761
3. Shekelle PG,Adams AH, Chassin MR, Hurwitz EL, Brook RH. Spinal manipulation for back pain. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117: 590-598
4. Liliedahl RL, Finch M, Axene DV, Goertz C: Cost of Care for Common Back Pain Conditions Initiated With Chiropractic Doctor vs Medical Doctor/Doctor of Osteopathy as First Physician: Experience of One Tennessee-Based General Health Insurer. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2010; 33(9): 640-643 (November 2010)
5. National Board of Chiropractic Examiners, 2010 Report, Practice Analysis of Chiropractic 2010, page 134.
6. Atlas S, Keller RB, Wu YA, Deyo RA, Singer DE: Long Term Outcomes Of Surgical And Non Surgical Management Of Sciatica Secondary To Lumbar Disc Herniation: 10 Year Results From The Maine Lumbar Spine Study. Spine 2005;30(8)
7. Atlas SJ, Keller RB, Su YA, Deyo RA, Singer DE. Long Term Outcomes Of Surgical And Nonsurgical Management Of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis:  8 To 10 Year Results From The Maine Lumbar Spine Study. Spine 2005;30(8)
8. Phelan SP, Knox DG, Hubka MJ, Ainbinder DA: An Evaluation Of Medical And Chiropractic Provider Utilization And Costs: Treating Injured Workers In North Carolina. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2004; 27(7):442-448

References for CHIROPRACTIC TOPIC: ARM PAIN RELIEF

1. Schliesser JS, Kruse RA, Fleming Fallon L: Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation: a retrospective study in a private practice setting. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2003; 26(9):592-596
2. Gudavalli S, Kruse R: Foraminal stenosis with radiculopathy from a cervical disc herniaton in a 33-year-old man treated with flexion-distraction decompression manipulation. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2008; 31(5):376-380
3. Kruse RA, Gregerson D: Cervical Spinal stenosis resulting in radiculopathy treated with flexion-distraction manipulation: A case study. J of  the Neuromusculoskeletal System  2002;10(4):141-7 

1. Hyun SJ, Park BG, Rhim SC, Bae CW, Lee JK, Roh SW, Jeon SR: A Haplotype at the COL9A2 Gene Locus Contributes to the Genetic Risk for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in the Korean Population. Spine 2011;36(16):1273-1278
2. Campbell AC, Briggs AM, O'Sullivan PB, Smith AJ, Burnett AF, Moss P, Straker LM: An Exploration of the Relationship Between Back Muscle Endurance and Familial, Physical, Lifestyle, and Psychosocial Factors in Adolescents and Young Adults. Journal Of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 2011;41(7):486-495 
3. Muraki S, Akune T, Oka H, En-yo Y, Yoshida M, Saika A, Suzuki T, Yoshida H, Ishibashi H, Tokimura F, Yamamoto S, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H, Yoshimura N:  Health-Related Quality of Life in Subjects With Low Back Pain and Knee Pain in a Population-Based Cohort Study of Japanese Men The Research on Osteoarthritis Against Disability Study. Spine 2011;36(16):1312-1319
4. Chou R et al: Interventional therapies, surgery, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation for low back pain: an evidence-based clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society.  Spine 2009, 34 (10)
5. Lin CWC, Haas M, Maher CG, Machado LAC, van Tulder MW:  Cost-Effectiveness Of Guideline-Endorsed Treatments For Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. European Spine Journal 2011;20(7):1024-1038

1. Hamilton DK, Smith JS, Sansur CA, Glassman SD, Ames CP, Berven SH, Polly DW Jr, Perra JH, Knapp DR, Boachie-Adjei O, McCarthy RE, Shaffrey CI:  Rates of New Neurological Deficit Associated With Spine Surgery Based on 108,419 Procedures. Spine 2011;36(15):1218-1228    
2. Kruse RA, Cambron J: Chiropractic management of postsurgical lumbar spine pain: a retrospective study of 32 cases. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2011; Jul-Aug;34(6):408-12.
3. Lin CWC, Haas M, Maher CG, Machado LAC, van Tulder MW:  Cost-Effectiveness Of Guideline-Endorsed Treatments For Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. European Spine Journal 2011;20(7):1024-1038

References for EXERCISE: Where are the Erector Spinae? Chiropractic & Exercise are Good for Them!

1. Cox JM, Feller JA, Cox JA: Distraction Chiropractic Adjusting: Clinical Application, Treatment Algorithms, and Clinical Outcomes of 1000 Cases Studied. Topics in Clinical Chiropractic 1996; (3)3:45-59, 79-81
2. Hope MM: The Effect Of Flexion Distraction Therapy Of The Lumbar Spine On The Electromyographic Activity Of The Erector Spinae Muscle. 2011; University of Johannesburg, published at http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3765

References for NUTRITION: The Prune & Pomegranate: Great “P” Fruits!

1. Posadino AM, Cossu A, Piga A, Madrau MA, Del Caro A, Colombino M, Paglietti B, Rubino S, Iaccarino C, Crosio C, Sanna B, Pintus G: Prune melanoidins protect against oxidative stress and endothelial cell death. Front Biosci (Elite Ed) 2011;3:1034-41 (June 1, 2011)
2. Jabeen Q, Aslam N: The Pharmacological Activities Of Prunes: The Dried Plums.  Journal Of Medicinal Plants Research 2011;5(9):1508-1511
3. Faria A, Calhau C: The bioactivity of pomegranate: impact on health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011;51(7):626-34 (Aug 2011)

References for FEATURE: Williamson’s Chiropractic Relieves Chronic Low Back Pain

1. Quinones JVM, Aso J, Consolini F, Arregui R: Long-Term Outcomes Of Lumbar Microdiscectomy In A Working Class Sample. Neurocirugia 2011;22(3):235-244
2. Senna MK, Machaly SA: Does Maintained Spinal Manipulation Therapy for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Result in Better Long-Term Outcome? Spine 2011;36(18):1427-1437
3. Seay JF, Van Emmerik REA, Hamill J: Low Back Pain Status Affects Pelvis-Trunk Coordination And Variability During Walking And Running. Clinical Biomechanics 2011;26(6):572-578

1. Cheung I, McCartt AT: Declines in fatal crashes of older drivers: changes in crash risk and survivability. Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):666-74. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
2. Masten S, Foss R, Marshall S: Graduated driver licensing and fatal crashes involving 16- to 19-year old drivers. JAMA 2011; 306(10):1098-1103
3. Ooi SS, Wong SV, Yeap JS, Umar R: Relationship Between Cervical Spine Injury and Helmet Use in Motorcycle Road Crashes. Asia-Pacific Journal Of Public Health 2011;23(4):608-619

References for NUTRITION: Broccoli: The Super Vegetable

1. http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Carotenoid   sourced on 9/22/11
2. Ambrosone CB, Tang L. Cruciferous vegetable intake and cancer prevention: role of nutrigenetics. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa). 2009 Apr;2(4):298-300. 2009
3. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=9   sourced on 9/22/11
4. Cramer J, Teran-Garcia M and Jeffery E: Enhancing sulforaphane absorption and excretion in healthy men through the combined consumption of fresh broccoli sprouts and a glucoraphanin-rich powder. British Journal of Nutrition, Available on CJO 2011 doi:10.1017/S0007114511004429
5. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2722699/ cooking methods sourced 9/22/11
6. Vasanthi HR, Mukherjee S, Das DK: Potential health benefits of broccoli- a chemico-biological overview. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2009 Jun;9(6):749-59  

References for EXERCISE: Don’t Be Lazy! You Don’t Want Chronic Pain in Your Lower Back or Neck/Shoulders

1. Nilsen TIL, Holtermann A, Mork PJ: Physical Exercise, Body Mass Index, and Risk of Chronic Pain in the Low Back and Neck/Shoulders: Longitudinal Data From the Nord-Trondelag Health Study. American Journal Of Epidemiology 2011;174(3):267-273

References for FEATURE: Watch Out, Williamson Men Who Do Too Much!

1. Sorensen IG,  Jacobsen P,  Gyntelberg F,  Suadicani P: Occupational and Other Predictors of Herniated Lumbar Disc Disease-A 33-Year Follow-up in The Copenhagen Male Study. Spine 2011 36(19):1541-1546
2. O'Connell GD, Jacobs NT, Sen S, Vresilovic EJ, Elliott DM: Axial Creep Loading And Unloaded Recovery Of The Human Intervertebral Disc And The Effect Of Degeneration. Journal Of The Mechanical Behavior Of Biomedical Materials 2011;4(7):933-942
3. Malandrino A, Noailly J, Lacroix D: The Effect of Sustained Compression on Oxygen Metabolic Transport in the Intervertebral Disc Decreases with Degenerative Changes. PLOS Computational Biology 2011;7(8):NIL_57-NIL_68
4. Vo N, Wang D, Sowa G, Witt W, Ngo K, Coelho P, Bedison R, Byer B, Studer R, Lee J, Di YP, Kang J:  Differential Effects of Nicotine and Tobacco Smoke Condensate on Human Annulus Fibrosus Cell Metabolism. Journal Of Orthopaedic Research 2011;29(10):1585-1591
5. Walter  BA, Korecki  CL, Purmessur  D, Roughley  PJ, Michalek  AJ, Iatridis  JC: Complex Loading Affects Intervertebral Disc Mechanics And Biology. Osteoarthritis And Cartilage 2011;19(8):1011-1018
6. Lundberg  M, Frennered  K, Hagg  O, Styf  J: The Impact of Fear-Avoidance Model Variables on Disability in Patients With Specific or Nonspecific Chronic Low Back Pain. Spine 2011;36(19):1547-1553

References for NUTRITION: The Pumpkin:  Not Just For Pie! Eat the Seeds! Try the Oil!

1. http://urbanext.illinois.edu/pumpkins/facts.cfm
2. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=82
3. Hyun T, Barrett-Connor E, Milne D. Zinc intakes and plasma concentrations in men with osteoporosis: the Rancho Bernardo Study. Am J Clin Nutr, Sept. 2004:80(3):715-721. 2004. PMID:15321813
4. http://www.nutrition-and-you.com/pumpkin.html
5. Ejike CE, Ezeanyika LU: Inhibition of the experimental induction of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a possible role for fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook f.) seeds. Urol Int. 2011;87(2):218-24. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
6. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/beta-carotene-000286.htm
7. Gossell-Williams M, Hyde C, Hunter T, Simms-Stewart D, Fletcher H, McGrowder D, Walters CA. Improvement in HDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women supplemented with pumpkin seed oil: pilot study. Climacteric. 2011 Oct;14(5):558-64. Epub 2011 May 5. 

References for SPINE: Kids’ Spinal Health: Care Tips

1. Samartzis D, Karppinen J, Mok F, Fong DYT, Luk KDK, Cheung KMC: A Population-Based Study of Juvenile Disc Degeneration and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity, Low Back Pain, and Diminished Functional Status. Journal Of Bone And Joint Surgery-American Volume 2011; 93A (7):662-670  (APR 6 2011)           
2. Okada E, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara H, Toyama Y: Disc degeneration of cervical spine on MRI in patients with lumbar disc herniation: comparison study with asymptomatic volunteers. European Spine Journal 2011; 20(4):585-591  (APR 2011)

 References for EXERCISE: Exercise is Beneficial for Leg Pain Relief

1. Huber J, Lisinski P, Samborski W, Wytrazek M: The Effect Of Early Isometric Exercises On Clinical And Neurophysiological Parameters In Patients With Sciatica: An Interventional Randomized Single-Blinded Study. Isokinetics And Exercise Science 2011;19(3):207-214
2. Parmenter BJ, Raymond J, Dinnen P, Singh MAF: A Systematic Review Of Randomized Controlled Trials: Walking Versus Alternative Exercise Prescription As Treatment For Intermittent Claudication.  Atherosclerosis 2011;218(1):1-12
3. Bressel E, Dolny DG, Gibbons M: Trunk Muscle Activity during Exercises Performed on Land and in Water. Medicine And Science In Sports And Exercise 2011;43(10):1927-1932

References for NUTRITION: Tryptophan: A Sleepy Amino Acid

1. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=125
2. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=48
3. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002332.htm
4. http://www.potato2008.org/en/kids/index.html
5. http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/sep07/potato0907.htm

References for FEATURE: No MRI for Chronic Low Back Pain. Really?

1. Chou D, Samartzis D, Bellabarba C, Patel A, Luk K, Kisser J, Skelly A: Degenerative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review. Study Design. Systematic review. Spine: 2011;36:S43-S53
2. Roudsari B, Jarvik JG:  Lumbar Spine MRI for Low Back Pain: Indications and Yield.  American Journal Of Roentgenology 2010;195(3):550-559
3. van Tulder M, Becker A, Bekkering T, Breen A, del Real MTG, Hutchinson A, Koes B, Laerum E, Malmivaara A: Chapter 3 - European guidelines for the management of acute nonspecific low back pain in primary care. European Spine Journal 15 (SUPPL). MAR 2006. p.S169-S191
4. Williams CM, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, McAuley JH, McLachlan AJ, Britt H, Fahridin S, Harrison C, Latimer J: Low Back Pain and Best Practice Care A Survey of General Practice Physicians. Archives Of Internal Medicine 170 (3). FEB 8 2010. p.271-277
5. Shreibati JB, Baker LC: The Relationship between Low Back Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Surgery, and Spending: Impact of Physician Self-Referral Status. Health Services Research 46 (5). OCT 2011. p.1362-1381
6. Breuer B, Cruciani R, Portenoy RK: Pain Management by Primary Care Physicians, Pain Physicians, Chiropractors, and Acupuncturists: A National Survey. Southern Medical Journal 103 (8). AUG 2010. p.738-747
7. Boos: The diagnostic accuracy of MRI, work perception, and psychosocial factors in identifying symptomatic disc herniation. Spine 1995; 20(24):2613-25

1. Dunn AS, Green BN, Formolo LR, Chicoine DR: Chiropractic Management For Veterans With Neck Pain: A Retrospective Study Of Clinical Outcomes. Journal Of Manipulative And Physiological Therapeutics 2011;34(8 SP ISS):533-538
2. Manison A: Chiropractic management using Cox cervical flexion-distraction technique for a disk herniation with left foraminal narrowing in a 64-year-old man. J of Chiropractic Medicine 2011; 10(4):316-321

References for SPINE: Williamson Chiropractic Benefits Degenerative Disc Disease

1. Jackson AR, Huang CYC, Brown MD, Gu WY:3D Finite Element Analysis of Nutrient Distributions and Cell Viability in the Intervertebral Disc: Effects of Deformation and Degeneration. Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering-Transactions Of The ASME 2011;133(9):NIL_39-NIL_45
2. Takatalo J, Karppinen J, Niinimäki J, Taimela S, Näyhä S, Mutanen P, Sequeiros R, Kyllönen E, Tervonen O:  Does Lumbar Disc Degeneration on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Associate With Low Back Symptom Severity in Young Finnish Adults? Spine 2011;36(25):2180–2189

References for NUTRITION: Williamson Chiropractic Nutrition Tip for Osteoporosis: Flaxseed  Oil

1. Casey T R, Bamforth CW; Silicon in beer and brewing. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2010; 90: 784–788. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.3884
2. Kim Y, Ilich JZ: Implications Of Dietary Alpha-Linolenic Acid In Bone Health. Nutrition 2011;27(11-12):1101-1107 

References for EXERCISE: Williamson Chiropractor Encourages Exercise to Prolong Pain Relief

1. Gerin CG; Smith K; Hill S; Hil, A; Madueke IC: Motor Activity Affects Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Systems of the Dorsal Horn of the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord. Synapse 2011;65(12):1282-1288

References for CHIROPRACTIC TOPIC: Back Pain During Pregnancy

1. http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/foodstoavoid.html
2. Kristiansson P, Svardsudd K, VonScholultz B: Back pain during pregnancy: a prospective study. Spine 1996;21:702-709.
3. Fast A, Shapior D, Ducommun EI,  Friedmann LW, Bouklas T, Floman Y: Low back pain in pregnancy. Spine 1987;12:368-371.
4. Stuber K: The safety of chiropractic during pregnancy: a pilot email survey of chiropractors' opinions. Clin Chiropr 2007;10(1):24-35.
5. Lisi AJ: Chiropractic spinal manipulation for low back pain of pregnancy: a retrospective case series. J of Midwifery Women's Health 2006k51(1):e7-10.
6. Kruse R, Gudavalli S, Cambron J: Chiropractic Treatment of a Pregnant Patient with Lumbar Radiculopathy. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 2007;6(4):153-158.

References for FEATURE: Williamson Chiropractic Helps Knee Pain Related To Low Back Pain

1. Alexopoulos EC, Tanagra D, Detorakis I, Gatsi P, Goroyia A, Michalopoulou M; Jelastopulu E: Knee and low back complaints in professional hospital nurses: Occurrence, chronicity, care seeking and absenteeism. Work - A Journal Of Prevention Assessment & Rehabilitation 2011;38(4):329-335

Reference for NUTRITION: Williamson Chiropractic Osteoporosis Help:  Calcium Supplement

1. Zhao, YC; Cao, R; Ma, DJ; Zhang, HW; Lappe, J; Recker, RR; Xiao, GG. Efficacy of calcium supplementation for human bone health by mass spectrometry profiling and cathepsin K measurement in plasma samples. Journal Of Bone And Mineral Metabolism 2011;29 (5): 552-560

1. Fu, KMG; Rhagavan, P; Shaffrey, CI; Chernavvsky, DR; Smith, JS; Krauss, WE: Prevalence, Severity, and Impact of Foraminal and Canal Stenosis Among Adults With Degenerative Scoliosis. Neurosurgery 2011;69(6):1181-1187

1. Hall AM, Maher CG, Lam P, Ferreira M, Latimer J: Tai Chi Exercise for Treatment of Pain and Disability in People With Persistent Low Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH 2011;63 (11):1576-1583

1. http://www.chacha.com/question/how-many-boxes-of-chocolate-are-made-each-year-for-valentines-day
2. Simadibrata M: Anti-free radical effects of dark chocolate in radical damage and constipation. Acta Med Indones. 2011 Oct;43(4):217.
3. Di Castelnuovo A, di Giuseppe R, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G: Consumption of cocoa, tea and coffee and risk of cardiovascular disease. Eur J Intern Med. 2012 Jan;23(1):15-25. Epub 2011 Aug 30.
4. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/healthy-chocolate/AN02060, accessed February 2, 2012
5. Lee KW, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Lee CY. Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine. J Agric Food Chem. 2003 Dec 3;51(25):7292-5.
6. Cocoa Flavanols improve vascular and blood pressure measures for coronary artery disease patients. Science Daily, July, 6, 2010. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100706093233.htm, accessed February 2, 2012

1. Curhan: A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. New England Journal of Medicine 1993:328
2. Oz M, Roizen M: Features at News Sentinel. January 16, 2012. Fort Wayne, IN: 2F, 6F; also online at http://www.realage.com/blogs/doctor-oz-roizen/do-calcium-pills-cause-kidney-stones?click=main_sr

References for FEATURE: Don’t Let Your Pillow Hurt Your Neck!

1. Gordon, SJ; Grimmer-Somers, K. Your Pillow May Not Guarantee a Good Night's Sleep or Symptom-Free Waking. Physiotherapy Canada 2011;63 (2):183-190

1. Chang YW, Winkelstein BA: Schwann Cell Proliferation and Macrophage Infiltration Are Evident at Day 14 after Painful Cervical Nerve Root Compression in the Rat. Journal Of Neurotrauma 2011 (Dec);28 (12): 2429-2438
2. Fan N, Donnelly DF, LaMotte RH: Chronic compression of mouse dorsal root ganglion alters voltage-gated sodium and potassium currents in medium-sized dorsal root ganglion neurons. Journal Of Neurophysiology 2011 (Dec);106 (6): 3067-3072
3. Pelletier J:,Fromy B, Morel G, Roquelaure Y, Saumet JL, Sigaudo-Roussel D: Chronic sciatic nerve injury impairs the local cutaneous neurovascular interaction in rats. Pain 2012 (Jan);153 (1):149-157
4. Oikawa Y, Ohtori S, Koshi  T, et al: Lumbar Disc Degeneration Induces Persistent Groin Pain. Spine 2012(Jan);37(2):114–118

References for EXERCISE: Yoga Trumps Book for Chronic Lower Back Pain Relief; chiropractic Care at Apple Country Chiropractic Trumps Them Both!

1. Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Wellman RD, Cook AJ, Hawkes RJ, Delaney K, Deyo RA: A Randomized Trial Comparing Yoga, Stretching, and a Self-care Book for Chronic Low Back Pain. Archives Of Internal Medicine 2011;171(22):2019-2026
2. Williams K, Abildso C, Steinberg L, Doyle E, Epstein B, Smith D, Hobbs G, Gross R, Kelley G, Cooper L: Evaluation of the effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar yoga therapy on chronic low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2009 Sep 1;34(19):2066-76.
3. Haaz S, Bartlett SJ: Yoga for arthritis: a scoping review. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2011 Feb;37(1):33-46. Epub 2010 Dec 3

References for SPINE: Sleepless in Williamson? Chiropractic Addresses Spinal Degeneration’s Connection

1. Li H, Liang CZ, Shen CC, Li Y, Chen QX: Decreased sleep duration: A risk of progression of degenerative lumbar scoliosis. Medical Hypotheses 2012; 78(2):244-246

References for EXERCISE: Chronic Lower Back Pain Loves Exercise!

1. Kell RT, Risi AD, Barden JM:  The Response Of Persons With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain To Three Different Volumes Of Periodized Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research 2011;25(4):1052-1064
2. Stephan A, Goebel S, Schmidtbleicher D:  Effects of Machine-Based Strength Training in the Therapy of Chronic Back Pain. Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin 2011;62(3):69-74

References for FEATURE: Do I have to see my chiropractor forever?

1. Senna MK, Machaly SA: Does Maintained Spinal Manipulation Therapy for Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain Result in Better Long-Term Outcome? Spine 2011;36(18):1427-1437

References for NUTRITION: chiropractic Nutrition Encounter: Mediterranean Food for Life

1. Apostolopoulou M, Michalakis K, Miras A, Hatzitolios A, Savopoulos C. Nutrition in the primary and secondary prevention of stroke. Maturitas. 2012 Mar 9. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Lazarou C, Panagiotakos D, Matalas AL. The role of diet in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: implications for public health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2012 May;52(5):382-9.
3. Domínguez LJ, Bes-Rastrollo M, de la Fuente-Arrillaga C, Toledo E, Beunza JJ, et al. Similar prediction of decreased total mortality, diabetes incidence or cardiovascular events using relative- and absolute-component Mediterranean diet score: The SUN cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012 Mar 6. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Alcalay RN, Gu Y, Mejia-Santana H, et al. The association between Mediterranean diet adherence and Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2012 Feb 7. doi: 10.1002/mds.24918. [Epub ahead of print]
5. Whittle CR, Woodside JV, Cardwell CR, et al. Dietary patterns and bone mineral status in young adults: the Northern Ireland Young Hearts Project. Br J Nutr. 2012 Jan 4:1-11. [Epub ahead of print]
6. Solfrizzi V, Panza F, Frisardi V, et al. Diet and Alzheimer's disease risk factors or prevention: the current evidence. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011 May;11(5):677-708.
7. Shai I, Schwarzfuchs D, Henkin Y, et al and Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT) Group. Weight loss with a low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, or low-fat diet. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jul 17;359(3):229-41

1. Earhart JS, Roberts D, Roc G, Gryzlo S, Hsu W: Effects of Lumbar Disk Herniation on the Careers of Professional Baseball Players. Orthopedics 2012; 35(1):43-49

1. http://whfoods.org/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=75  foods
2. Ishimi Y: [Nutrition and bone health. Magnesium and bone]. Clin Calcium 2010 May;20(5):762-7.
3. Reffelmann T, Ittermann T, Dörr M, Völzke H, Reinthaler M, Petersmann A, Felix SB. Low serum magnesium concentrations predict cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Atherosclerosis. 2011 Jun 12. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Pan HC, Sheu ML, Su HL, Chen YJ, Chen CJ, Yang DY, Chiu WT, Cheng FC: Magnesium Supplement Promotes Sciatic Nerve Regeneration And Down-Regulates Inflammatory Response. Magnesium Research 2011;24(2):54-70
5. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Feb;95(2):362-6. Epub 2011 Dec 28.
6. http://web.mit.edu/athletics/sportsmedicine/wcrminerals.html

References for SPINE: Williamson Neck Disc Herniations and Spinal Cord Damage May Heal with No Surgery

1. Matsumoto M, Okada E, Watanabe K, Hosogane N, Tsuji T, Ishii K, Nakamura M, Chiba K, Toyama Y: Spontaneous Regression of Soft Disc Herniation in Patients With Cervical Myelopathy. Neurosurgery Quarterly 2012;22(1):7-11

Reference for EXERCISE: Chiropractic and Exercise Relieve Neck Pain; Both Better than Medication

1. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH. Spinal manipulation, medication, or home exercise with advice for acute and subacute neck pain. A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2012;156 (1 Pt 1):1-10. 

1. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen KH, Bracha Y, Grimm RH: Spinal manipulation, medication, or home exercise with advice for acute and subacute neck pain. A randomized trial.    Ann Intern Med 2012;156 (1 Pt 1):1-10
2. Matsumoto M, Okada E, Watanabe K, et al: Spontaneous Regression of Soft Disc Herniation in Patients With Cervical Myelopathy. Neurosurgery Quarterly 2012; 22 (1):7-11

1. Melrose J,  Shu C, Young C,  et al: Mechanical Destabilization Induced by Controlled Annular Incision of the Intervertebral Disc Dysregulates Metalloproteinase Expression and Induces Disc Degeneration. Spine 2012; 37(1):18–25
2. Mwale, F; Masuda, K; Pichika, R; Epure, LM; Yoshikawa, T; Hemmad, A; Roughley, PJ; Antoniou, J. The efficacy of Link N as a mediator of repair in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Research & Therapy 2011;13 (4):NIL_123-NIL_131

References for EXERCISE: Don’t Fear Moving with Williamson Back Pain – Prepare for It!

1. Camacho-Soto A, Sowa GA, Perera S, Weiner DK. Fear Avoidance Beliefs Predict Disability in Older Adults With Chronic Low Back Pain. PM R. 2012 Apr 18. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Sions JM, Hicks GE. Fear-avoidance beliefs are associated with disability in older American adults with low back pain. Phys Ther. 2011 Apr;91(4):525-34. Epub 2011 Feb 24.

Reference for NUTRITION:  chiropractic Nutrition:  Vitamin D Needed for Coronary Health, Too

1. Lim S, Shin H, Kim MJ et al:  Vitamin D Inadequacy Is Associated with Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis in a Community-Based Elderly Cohort: The Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging. Journal Of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 2012;97(1):169-178

1. Binkley N, Ramamurthy R, Krueger D:  Low Vitamin D Status: Definition, Prevalence, Consequences, And Correction.  Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012;38(1):45-59
2. Marwaha RK, Tandon N, Garg MK, Kanwar R, Narang A, Sastry A, Saberwal A, Bandra K: Vitamin D Status In Healthy Indians Aged 50 Years And Above. J Assoc Physicians India 2011;59:706-9
3. Karaplis AC, Chouha F, Djandji M, Sampalis JS, Hanley DA:  Vitamin D Status and Response to Daily 400 IU Vitamin D-3 and Weekly Alendronate 70 mg in Men and Women with Osteoporosis. Annals Of Pharmacotherapy 2011;45(5):561-568
4. Stein EM, Shane E: Vitamin D In Organ Transplantation. Osteoporosis International 2011;22(7):2107-2118
5. Narula N, Marshall JK: Management of inflammatory bowel disease with vitamin D: Beyond bone health. Journal Of Crohns & Colitis 2012;6(4):397-404
6. Waikakul S: Serum 25-Hydroxy-Calciferol Level And Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2012;20(1):18-22
7. Souberbielle JC, Courbebaisse M, Cormier C, Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Viard JP, Jean G, Cavalier E: When Should We Measure Vitamin D Concentration In Clinical Practice? Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl 2012;243:129-35
8. Carnes J, Quinn S, Nelson M, Jones G, Winzenberg T: Intermittent High-Dose Vitamin D Corrects Vitamin D Deficiency In Adolescents: A Pilot Study. European Journal Of Clinical Nutrition 2012;66(4):530-532

1. Orief, T; Orz, Y; Attia, W; Almusrea, K: Spontaneous Resorption of Sequestrated Intervertebral Disc Herniation. World Neurosurgery 2012;77 (1):146-152
2. Ssavedra-Hemandez, M; Castro-Sanchez, AM; Fernandez-de-las-Penas, C; Cleland, JA; Ortega-Santiago, R; Arroyo-Morales, M: Predictors For Identifying Patients With Mechanical Neck Pain Who Are Likely To Achieve Short-Term Success With Manipulative Interventions Directed At The Cervical And Thoracic Spine. Journal Of Manipulative And Physiological Therapeutics 2011;34 (3):144-152

References for EXERCISE: “I Don’t Wanna Exercise…” Apple Country Chiropractic Says “Exercise, Williamson!”

1. Davarian S, Maroufi N, Ebrahimi I, Farahmand F, Parnianpour M: Trunk muscles strength and endurance in chronic low back pain patients with and without clinical instability. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2012 Jan 1;25(2):123-9
2. Kaya DO, Ergun N, Hayran M: Effects of different segmental spinal stabilization exercise protocols on postural stability in asymptomatic subjects: Randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2012 Jan 1;25(2):109-16
3. Paolucci T, Morone G, Iosa M, Fusco A, Alcuri R, Matano A, Bureca I, Saraceni VM, Paolucci S: Psychological features and outcomes of the Back School treatment in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain. A randomized controlled study. European Journal Of Physical And  Rehabilitation MEDICINE 2012;48(2):245-253 

1. Andersen JC: Is immediate imaging important in managing low back pain? J Athl Train. 2011 Jan-Feb;46(1):99-102.
2. Divrik Gökçe S, Gökçe E, Cokun M: Radiology Residents' Awareness about Ionizing Radiation Doses in Imaging Studies and Their Cancer Risk during Radiological Examinations. Korean J Radiol. 2012 Mar;13(2):202-9. Epub 2012 Mar 7.
3. Cox JM. Low Back Pain: Mechanism, Diagnosis, Treatment, 7th edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishing Co. 2012

1. Costa LD, Maher CG, Hancock MJ, McAuley JH, Herbert RD, Costa LO: The prognosis of acute and persistent low-back pain: a meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2012;184(11):E613-24. [Epub ahead of print May 14, 2012]
2. Hayden, JA; Dunn, KM; van der Windt, DA; Shaw, WS. What is the prognosis of back pain? BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH IN CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2012;24 (2):167-179.
3. Breuer, B; Cruciani, R; Portenoy, RK. Pain Management by Primary Care Physicians, Pain Physicians, Chiropractors, and Acupuncturists: A National Survey. SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL 2012;103 (8):738-747.
4. Pearce: J of Orthopedic Research 5(2).

References for NUTRITION: Water Improves Williamson Lower Back Pain Treatment Outcomes

1. Parker J, Heinking KP, Kapler RE. Efficacy of osteopathic manipulative treatment for low back pain in euhydrated and hypohydrated conditions: a randomized crossover trial. AM Osteopath Assoc. 2012 May;112(5):276-84.
    

References for EXERCISE: Your Williamson Chiropractor Worries About Your Spinal Discs When You Run or Jog!

1. Kruse RA, Cambron JA. Cox decompression chiropractic manipulation of a patient with postsurgical lumbar fusion: a case report. J Chiropr Med. 2011 Dec;10(4):255-260.
2. Manison A: Chiropractic management using Cox cervical flexion-distraction technique for a disk herniation with left foraminal narrowing in a 64-year-old man. J of Chiro Med 2011; 10(4):316-321.

3. Kruse R, Cambron J: Chiropractic Management of Postsurgical Lumbar Spine Pain: A Retrospective Study of 32 Cases. J of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2011; 34(6):408-412. 

Reference for SPINE: How Long Does Back Pain Last?

1. Itz CJ, Geurts JW, van Kleef M, Nelemans P: Clinical course of non-specific low back pain: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies set in primary care. Eur J Pain 2012; May 28. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x

1. Ohta H. Aim of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis (2011 edition). Prevention of osteoporosis. Clin Calcium. 2012 Jun;22(6):825-31.
2. Lee BH, Moon SH, Kim HJ, Lee HM, Kim TH. Osteoporotic profiles in elderly patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Indian J Orthop. 2012 May;46(3):279-84.
3. Rudäng R, Darelid A, Nilsson M, Nilsson S, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, Lorentzon M. Smoking is associated with impaired bone mass development in young adult men: A five year longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res. 2012 October;27(10):2189-2197.
4. Rabenda V, Nicolet D, Beaudart C, Bruyère O, Reginster JY. Relationship between use of antidepressants and risk of fractures: a meta-analysis. Osteoporosis Int. 2012 May 26. [epub ahead of publication]

References for NUTRITION: chiropractic Nutrition Tip for Osteoporosis: Eat Dried Plums for your Bones!

1. Smith BJ. Dried Plum Improves Bone Density and Microarchitecture by Up-Regulating Osteoblast Activity and Down-Regulating Osteoclast Differentiation. II International Symposium On Human Health Effects Of Fruits And Vegetables: Favhealth 2007:841 2009:441-447.
2. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/08/110818093048.htm
3. Shirin Hooshmand S, Chai R,  Saadat M,  Payton K et al. Comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women. British Journal of Nutrition, September 2011; 106(6): 923-930.
4. Halloran BP, Wronski TJ, VonHerzen DC, Chu V, Xia X, Pingel JE, Williams AA, Smith BJ. Dietary dried plum increases bone mass in adult and aged male mice. J Nutr. 2010 Oct;140(10):1781-7. Epub 2010 Aug 25.
5. Rendina E, Lim YF, Marlow D, Wang Y, Clarke SL, Kuvibidila S, Lucas EA, Smith BJ. Dietary supplementation with dried plum prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss while modulating the immune response in C57BL/6J mice. J Nutr Biochem. 2012 Jan;23(1):60-8. Epub 2011 Mar 16.

Reference for EXERCISE: chiropractic Exercise Tip: 15 minutes of exercise a day keeps back pain away!

1. Moore C, Holland J, Shaib F, Ceridan E, Schonard C, Marasa M: Prevention of Low Back Pain in Sedentary Healthy Workers: A Pilot Study. American Journal Of The Medical Sciences 2012;344(2):90-95.

References for FEATURE: See Your Williamson Chiropractor Sooner Than Later For Back Pain

1. Friedman BW, Mulvey L, Davitt M, Choi H, Esses D, Bijur PE, Gallagher EJ. Predicting 7-day and 3-month functional outcomes after an ED visit for acute nontraumatic low back pain. Am J Emerg Med. 2012 May 23.
2. Itz CJ, Geurts JW, van Kleef M, Nelemans P. Clinical course of non-specific low back pain: A systematic review of prospective cohort studies set in primary care. Eur J Pain. 2012 May 28. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00170.x.

References for SPINE: Your Spine Is Electric! Keep It From Degenerating with Williamson Chiropractic Care

1. Karajan, N. Multiphasic Intervertebral Disc Mechanics. Archives Of Computational Methods In Engineering 19 (2). JUN 2012. p.261-339
2. Millecamps, M; Tajerian, M; Naso, L; Sage, EH; Stone, LS. Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration associated with axial and radiating low back pain in ageing SPARC-null mice. Pain 153 (6). JUN 2012. p.1167-1179
3. Mydlarz D. Degenerative disc disease, active component, U.S. Armed Forces, 2001-2011. MSMR. 2012 May;19(5):6-9.
4. Dimitriadis, A; Smith, F; Mavrogenis, AF; Pope, MH;Papagelopoulos, PJ; Karantanas, A; Hadjipavlou, A; Katonis, P. Effect of two sitting postures on lumbar sagittal alignment and intervertebral discs in runners. Radiologia Medica 117 (4). JUN 2012. p.654-668 

References for NUTRITION: “An Apple A Day…” Makes Your Williamson Chiropractor Happy! | Apple Country Chiropractic

1. Peng C, Chan H, Huang Y, Yu H, Chen Z: Apple Polyphenols Extend the Mean Lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011;59 (5), 2097-2106
2. Palermo V, Mattivi F, Silvestri R, La Regina G, Falcone C, Mazzoni C. Apple can act as anti-aging on yeast cells. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012;2012:491759. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
3. Thilakarathna SH, Wang Y, Rupasinghe V, Ghanam K: Apple peel flavonoid- and triterpene-enriched extracts differentially affect cholesterol homeostasis in hamsters. J of Functional Food 2012; 4(4):963-971
4. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?dbid=15&tname=foodspice
5. Serra AT, Rocha J, Sepodes B, Matias AA, Feliciano RP, de Carvalho A, Bronze MR, Duarte CM, Figueira ME. Evaluation of cardiovascular protective effect of different apple varieties - Correlation of response with composition. Food Chem. 2012 Dec 15;135(4):2378-86. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.067. Epub 2012 Jul 20. 

References for EXERCISE: Simple Williamson Chiropractic Neck Exercises

1. Durall CJ. Therapeutic exercise for athletes with nonspecific neck pain: a current concepts review. Sports Health. 2012 Jul;4(4):293-301.
2. Andersen CH, Andersen LL, Gram B, Pedersen MT, Mortensen OS, Zebis MK, Sjøgaard G. Influence of frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck and shoulder pain: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med. 2012 Nov;46(14):1004-10. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090813. Epub 2012 Jun 29.
3. Kay TM, Gross A, Goldsmith CH, Rutherford S, Voth S, Hoving JL, Brønfort G, Santaguida PL. Exercises for mechanical neck disorders.  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug 15;8:CD004250. Review.
4. [No authors listed] Spinal manipulation and exercise trump drugs for neck pain. Harv Womens Health Watch. 2012 Apr;19(8):6-7
5. Bronfort G, Evans R, Anderson AV, Svendsen D, Bracha Y, Grimm: Spinal Manipulation, Medication, or Home Exercise With Advice for Acute and Subacute Neck PainA Randomized Trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2012 Jan;156(1_Part_1):1-10.

1. “Breathing exercises that aid digestion.” http://www.breathing.com/articles/digestion.htm
2. Sugawara J, Tarumi T, Tanaka H. Effect of mirthful laughter on vascular function. Am J Cardiol. 2010 Sep 15;106(6):856-9.
3. http://www.umm.edu/news/releases/laughter.htm
4. http://www.umm.edu/news/releases/laughter2.htm
5. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16177354/ns/health-livescience/t/ha-ha-ha-did-make-you-smile/
6. Hisano M, Bruschini H, Nicodemo A, and Srougi M: Cranberries and lower urinary tract infection prevention. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2012 June; 67(6): 661–667. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370320/
7. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=48  potatoes
8. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/05/pumpkin-health-benefits_n_1936919.html#slide=1596900
9. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=125 turkey

1. Liliedahl  R, Finch M, Axene D, Goertz C.Cost of Care for Common Back Pain Conditions Initiated With Chiropractic Doctor vs Medical Doctor/Doctor of Osteopathy as First Physician: Experience of One Tennessee-Based General Health Insurer. JMPT 2010. 33(9): 640-643 (November 2010)
2. Phelan SP AR, Knox DG, Hubka MJ, Ainbinder DA  An Evaluation Of Medical And Chiropractic Provider Utilization And Costs:  Treating Injured Workers In North Carolina. J Manipulative and Physiol Thera. 2004;27(7):442-448.
3. Shekelle PG, Adams AH, Chassin MR, Hurwitz EL, Brook RH. Spinal Manipulation for Low‐Back Pain. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117:590‐598.
4. http://www.rand.org/health/projects/hie.html  accessed December 28, 2010
5. Martin BI, Gerkovich MM, Deyo RA, Sherman KJ, Cherkin DC, Lind BK, Goertz CM, Lafferty WE. The Association of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Health Care Expenditures for Back and Neck Problems. Med Care. 2012 Nov 3. [Epub ahead of print]

1. Hoy, D; Bain, C; Williams, G; March, L; Brooks, P; Blyth, F; Woolf, A; Vos, T; Buchbinder, R.A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain. Arthritis And Rheumatism 64 (6). JUN 2012. p. 2028-2037
2. Belavý, Daniel L. BPhty, PhD; Armbrecht, Gabriele MD, PhD; Felsenberg, Dieter MD, PhD. Incomplete Recovery of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs 2 Years After 60-Day Bed Rest. Spine 37(14). 15 June 2012. p.  1245–1251

References for EXERCISE: Chiropractic and Exercise are Great for Mid-Pregnancy Back Pain

1. George, JW; Skaggs, CD; Thompson, PA; Nelson, DM; Gavard, JA; Gross, GA: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing A Multimodal Intervention And Standard Obstetrics Care For Low Back And Pelvic Pain In Pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012; Oct 23. pii: S0002-9378(12)01969-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.10.869. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Kruse RA, Gudavalli S, Cambron J: Chiropractic Treatment of a Pregnant Patient with Lumbar Radiculopathy. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 2007; 6(4):153-158 

References for NUTRITION: Eat some Pecans for their Vitamin E and Prevent Bone Loss

1. Naina, Mohamed I; Borhanuddin, B; Shuid, AN; Mohd, Fozi NF: Vitamin e and bone structural changes: an evidence-based review. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:250584. doi: 10.1155/2012/250584. Epub 2012 Oct 17.
2. Muhammad N, Luke DA, Shuid AN, Mohamed N, Soelaiman IN. Two different isomers of vitamin e prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis rat model. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:161527. doi: 10.1155/2012/161527. Epub 2012 Oct 15.
3. http://www.fitnessmagazine.com/recipes/healthy-eating/superfoods/healthy-holiday-superfoods/?page=8

References for FEATURE: Trust Your Williamson Chiropractor, A Highly Trained Diagnostician

1. Alcantara, J; Alcantara, JD; Alcantara, J. The Chiropractic Care of Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Integrative Cancer Therapies 11 (4). Dec 2012. p. 304-312
2. Savage, RL; Star, K; Hill, R. Severe muscle symptoms with lipid-lowering agents may be confused with neurogenic claudication associated with spinal canal stenosis. International Journal Of Risk & Safety In Medicine 24 (4). 2012. p. 215-219
3. Puta, C; Schulz, B; Schoeler, S; Magerl, W; Gabriel, B. Enhanced sensitivity to punctate painful stimuli in female patients with chronic low back pain. BMC Neurology 12. Sep 21 2012. p. NIL_1-NIL_8  

References for SPINE: Your Spine Deserves Non-Surgical Williamson Chiropractic Care Over Back Surgery

1. Froholdt, A; Reikeraas, O; Holm, I; Keller, A; Brox, JI. No difference in 9-year outcome in CLBP patients randomized to lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. European Spine Journal 2012; 21(12):2531-2538; DEC 2012
2. Gamache FW. The value of "another" opinion for spinal surgery: A prospective 14-month study of one surgeon's experience. Surg Neurol Int 2012;3(Suppl 5):S350-4.

1. Eisenberg D, Buring J, Hrbek A, Davis R, Connelly M, Cherkin D, Levy D, Cunningham M, O'Connor B, and Post D. A Model of Integrative Care for Low-Back Pain. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. April 2012, 18(4): 354-362. doi:10.1089/acm.2011.0408.
2. Kyrø C, Skeie G, Loft S, Overvad K, Christensen J, Tjønneland A, Olsen A. Adherence to a healthy Nordic food index is associated with a lower incidence of colorectal cancer in women: The Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study. Br J Nutr. 2012 Jul 3:1-8. [Epub ahead of print]
3. Han X, Li J, Brasky TM, Xun P, Stevens J, White E, Gammon MD, He K. Antioxidant intake and pancreatic cancer risk: The Vitamins and Lifestyle (VITAL) Study. Cancer. 2012 Dec 21. doi: 10.1002/cncr.27936. [Epub ahead of print]
4. Mori H, Okada Y, Tanaka Y. [Mutual interaction between vitamin D and lifestyle-related diseases in women]. J UOEH. 2012 Dec 1;34(4):323-9. [Article in Japanese]
5. Anderson JG, Taylor AG. Use of complementary therapies for cancer symptom management: results of the 2007 National Health Interview Survey. J Altern Complement Med. 2012 Mar;18(3):235-41. doi: 10.1089/acm.2011.0022. 

References for EXERCISE: Exercise Is Better than Fusion & Helps Spine Related Pain

1. Froholdt A, Reikeraas O, Holm I, Keller A, Brox JI. No difference in 9-year outcome in CLBP patients randomized to lumbar fusion versus cognitive intervention and exercises. European Spine Journal , 21 (12):2531-2538; DEC 2012
2. Hagen KB, Dagfinrud H, Moe RH, Osteras N, Kjeken I, Grotle M, Smedslund G. Exercise therapy for bone and muscle health: an overview of systematic reviews. BMC Med. 2012 Dec 19;10(1):167. [Epub ahead of print]

1. Cecchi F, Negrini S, Pasquini G, Paperini A, Conti AA, Chiti M, Zaina F, MacchiC, Molino-Lova R. Predictors of functional outcome in patients with chronic low back pain undergoing back school, individual physiotherapy or spinal manipulation. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2012 May 8. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Keeney BJ, Fulton-Kehoe D, Turner JA, Wickizer TM, Chan KC, Franklin GM. Early Predictors of Lumbar Spine Surgery after Occupational Back Injury: Results from a Prospective Study of Workers in Washington State. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012 Dec 12. [Epub ahead of print]

References for NUTRITION: A Chiropractic Williamson Osteoporosis Update: Build Your Bones! Up Your Vitamin D!

1. Pekkinen M, Viljakainen H, Saarnio E, Lamberg-Allardt C, Mäkitie O. Vitamin D is a major determinant of bone mineral density at school age. PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40090. Epub 2012 Jul
2. Rikkonen T, Sirola J, Salovaara K, Tuppurainen M, Jurvelin JS, Honkanen R, Kröger H. Muscle Strength and Body Composition Are Clinical Indicators of Osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. 2012 August; 91(2):131-138.
3. Tenne M, McGuigan F, Besjakov J, Gerdhem P, Akesson K. Degenerative changes at the lumbar spine-implications for bone mineral density measurement in elderly women. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Jun 26.
4. Ohta H. [Aim of the Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis (2011 edition) . Prevention of osteoporosis]. Clin Calcium. 2012 Jun;22(6):825-31.
5. Rudäng R, Darelid A, Nilsson M, Nilsson S, Mellström D, Ohlsson C, Lorentzon M. Smoking is associated with impaired bone mass development in young adult men: A five year longitudinal study. J Bone Miner Res. October 2012;27(10):2189-2197. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1674.
6. Colombini A, Lanteri P, Lombardi G, Grasso D, Recordati C, Lovi A, Banfi G, Bassani R, Brayda-Bruno M. Metabolic effects of vitamin D active metabolites in monolayer and micromass cultures of nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus cells isolated from human intervertebral disc. International Journal Of Biochemistry & Cell Biology 2012;44(6):1019-1030
7. Zafeiris CP, Lyritis GP, Papaioannou NA, Gratsias PE, Galanos A, Chatziioannou SN, Pneumaticos SG. Hypovitaminosis D as a risk factor of subsequent vertebral fractures after kyphoplasty. Spine Journal 2012; 12(4):304-312
8. Kruse RA, Cambron JA. Link Between Hypovitaminosis D And A Diminished Sense Of Smell Was Noted In 2 Individuals. J Chiropr Med. 2011 Dec;10(4):310-315.
9. Rizzoli R, Cooper C, Reginster JY, Abrahamsen B, Adachi JD, Brandi ML, Bruyère O. Antidepressant medications and osteoporosis. Bone. September 2012; 51(3):606-613
10. Lee BH, Moon SH, Kim HJ, Lee HM, Kim TH. Osteoporotic profiles in elderly patients with symptomatic lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Indian J Orthop. 2012 May;46(3):279-84

References for EXERCISE:  Williamson Chiropractic Exercise Tip: Add Some Weight Training, Reduce Back Pain

1. Gsiorowski A: The Role Of Weight Training In Treating Farmers With Lumbar Discopathy. Ann Agric Environ Med 2012;19(4):817-20

References for FEATURE: The Mind & The Spine. The Spine & The Mind.

1. Seminowicz, DA; Wideman, TH; Naso, L; Hatami-Khoroushahi, Z; Fallatah, S; Ware, MA; Jarzem, P; Bushnell, MC; Shir, Y; Ouellet, JA; Stone, LS. Effective Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain in Humans Reverses Abnormal Brain Anatomy and Function. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 31 (20). MAY 18 2011. p.7540-7550
2. Melloh, M; Elfering, A; Presland, CE; Roder, C; Hendrick, P; Darlow, B; Theis, JC. Predicting the transition from acute to persistent low back pain. OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE-OXFORD 61 (2). MAR 2011. p.127-131
3. Williams, LJ; Bjerkeset, O; Langhammer, A; Berk, M; Pasco, JA; Henry, MJ; Schei, B; Forsmo, S.  The association between depressive and anxiety symptoms and bone mineral density in the general population: The HUNT Study. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 131 (1-3). JUN 2011. p.164-171
4. Alsaadi, SM; McAuley, JH; Hush, JM; Maher, CG. Prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients with low back pain. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL 20 (5). MAY 2011. p.737-743
5. Dawson, AP; Schluter, PJ; Hodges, PW; Stewart, S; Turner, C. Fear of movement, passive coping, manual handling, and severe or radiating pain increase the likelihood of sick leave due to low back pain.  PAIN 152 (7). JUL 2011. p.1517-1524

References for SPINE: Williamson Chiropractor Encourages Good Posture

1. Pavlovic A, Nichols DL, Sanborn CF, Dimarco NM: Relationship of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to bone mineral density in women. Osteoporos Int. 2013 Feb 12. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Lion A, Haumont T, Gauchard G, Wiener-Vacher S, Lascombes P, Perrin P: Visuo-Oculomotor Deficiency at Early-Stage Idiopathic Scoliosis in Adolescent Girls.  Spine: 01 February 2013 - Volume 38 - Issue 3 - p 238–244
3. Takahashi Y, Yasuhara T, Kumamoto S, Yoneda K, Tanoue T, Nakahara M, Inoue T, Hijikata Y, Lee T, Borlongan CV, Ogawa K, Nishida K: Laterality of cervical disc herniation. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL, 22 (1):178-182; JAN 2013
4. Kamitani K, Michikawa T, Iwasawa S, Eto N, Tanaka T, Takebayashi T, Nishiwaki Y: Spinal Posture in the Sagittal Plane Is Associated With Future Dependence in Activities of Daily Living: A Community-Based Cohort Study of Older Adults in Japan. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2013 Jan 28. [Epub ahead of print]

Reference for SPINE: Back Pain? Wobbly Gait? Williamson Chiropractic Helps!

1. Ruhe A, Fejer R, Walker B: Pain relief is associated with decreasing postural sway in patients with non-specific low back pain. BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS 13. MAR 21 2012. p.NIL_1-NIL_12

References for EXERCISE: Get a (Better) Grip with Williamson Chiropractic Spinal Manipulation!

1. Botelho MB, Andrade BB. Effect of cervical spine manipulative therapy on judo athletes' grip strength. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2012 Jan;35(1):38-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.09.005. Epub 2011 Nov 10.
2. http://healthyliving.azcentral.com/hand-grip-strengtheners-11400.html

References for NUTRITION: Listen to Your Williamson Chiropractor: Up Your Vitamin D!

1. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=110
2. Di Rosa M, Malaguarnera L, Nicolosi A, Sanfilippo C, Mazzarino C, Pavone P, Berretta M, Cosentino S, Cacopardo B, Pinzone MR, Nunnari G. Vitamin D3: an ever green molecule. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2013 Jan 1;S5:247-260.
3. Bener A, El Ayoubi HR. The role of vitamin D deficiency and osteoporosis in breast cancer. Int J Rheum Dis. 2012 Dec;15(6):554-61. doi: 10.1111/1756-185x.12017. Epub 2012 Dec 7.
4. Wood AD, Secombes KR, Thies F, Aucott L, Black AJ, Mavroeidi A, Simpson WG, Fraser WD, Reid DM, Macdonald HM. Vitamin D3 supplementation has no effect on conventional cardiovascular risk factors: a parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled RCT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Oct;97(10):3557-68. doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-2126. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
5. Büki B, Ecker M, Jünger H, Lundberg YW. Vitamin D deficiency and benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo. Med Hypotheses. 2012 Dec 13. pii: S0306-9877(12)00510-5

References for FEATURE: Stressed Out? Try Williamson Chiropractic Care!

1. http://www.newstrackindia.com/newsdetails/2012/04/29/44-Financial-stress-may-cause-heart-attack-back-pain-and-migraines.html
2. AP/AOL  Poll, April 2008, http://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/wdc/debt_stress/index.html
3. Ellegaard H, Pedersen BD. Stress is dominant in patients with depression and chronic low back pain. A qualitative study of psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with non-specific low back pain of 3-12 months' duration. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012 Sep 6;13:166. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-166.
4. Pillai AG, de Jong D, Kanatsou S, Krugers H, Knapman A, Heinzmann JM, HolsboerF,Landgraf R, Joëls M, Touma C: Dendritic morphology of hippocampal and amygdalar neurons in adolescent mice is resilient to genetic differences in stress reactivity. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38971. Epub 2012 Jun 12.

References for NUTRITION: GERD Drugs and Osteoporosis: Try Williamson Chiropractic Nutrition & Food Advice

1. Ozdil K, Kahraman R, Sahin A, Calhan T, Gozden EH, Akyuz U, Erer B, Sokmen MH. Bone density in proton pump inhibitors users: a prospective study. Rheumatol Int. 2013 Mar 2. [Epub ahead of print]
2. http://www.gerd-diet.com/

1. Ahmed LA, Center JR, Bjørnerem A, Bluic D, Joakimsen RM, Jørgensen L, Meyer HE, Nguyen ND, Nguyen TV, Omsland TK, Størmer J, Tell GS, van Geel TA, Eisman JA, Emaus N. Progressively increasing fracture risk with advancing age following initial incident fragility fracture. The Tromsø Study. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Apr 9. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1952. [Epub ahead of print]
2. Voigt K, Taché S, Hofer M, Straßberger C, Riemenschneider H, Peschel P, Kugler J,Bergmann A. Health related quality of life in male patients with osteoporosis: results of across sectional study. Aging Male. 2012 Sep 3. [Epub ahead of print]

References for EXERCISE: Doesn’t Matter What You Do – Just DO!

References for NUTRITION: Green Tea: Healthy & Tasty!

1. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/green-tea-000255.htm
2. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/960.html
3. http://nccam.nih.gov/health/greentea
4. http://coffeetea.about.com/od/Tea-Glossary/f/What-Is-Maccha.htm
5. http://coffeetea.about.com/od/advancedtea/ig/Japanese-Green-Tea-Images/Matcha-Green-Tea.htm
6. Green Tea Honeysuckle Cake, http://www.myrecipes.com/recipe/green-tea-honeysuckle-cake-50400000127093/
7. Green Tea Ice Cream, http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/emeril-lagasse/green-tea-ice-cream-recipe/index.html
8. GreenTea and Honeydew Granita,  http://www.health.com/health/recipe/0,,10000001662952,00.html (image credit: Getty Images from the health.com site.)

References for FEATURE: JAMA Lists Chiropractic as Beneficial for Back Pain Relief!

1. Goodman DM, Burke AE, Livingston EH: Low Back Pain. JAMA Patient Page, April 24, 2013.  JAMA. 2013;309(16):1738. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.3046.
2. Summaries for Patients: Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain: Recommendations from the American College of Physicians/American Pain Society. Annals of Internal Med 2007;147(7):I-45

References: SPINE: Seeing Your Williamson Chiropractor Reduces Your Chance of Back Surgery

1. Keeney, Benjamin J. PhD; Fulton-Kehoe, Deborah PhD, MPH; Turner, Judith A. PhD; Wickizer, Thomas M. PhD; Chan, Kwun Chuen Gary PhD; Franklin, Gary M. MD, MPH: Early Predictors of Lumbar Spine Surgery After Occupational Back Injury: Results From a Prospective Study of Workers in Washington State. Spine  15 May 2013; 38(11):953-964

1. Salathé CR, Melloh M, Kälin W, Semmer NK, Roth M, Müller U, Elfering A: Comparison of pain-resilient working individuals to population-based case controls with/without momentary low back pain. Eur J Pain. 2013 May 3. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00319.x.

References for NUTRITION: Williamson Chiropractic Nutrition Tip: Strawberries and Blueberries Protect Your Heart!

1. picture and Blueberry Strawberry Smoothie Recipe, http://www.mygourmetconnection.com/recipes/breakfast-brunch/blueberry-strawberry-smoothie.php
2. http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/348895
3. Cassidy A, Mukamal KJ, Liu L, Franz M, Eliassen AH, Rimm EB. High anthocyanin intake is associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction in young and middle-aged women. Circulation. 2013 Jan 15;127(2):188-96. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.122408.